Friday, April 30, 2010

How Holocaust Denial "Slips" into the Mainstream

Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel
In an article "Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech" the author interviews Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel, who was recently released from a German prison. The lead line of the article "An exclusive interview with one of Europe's most well-known political prisoners" sets the tone for the interview. Holocaust deniers are not vicious ideological narcissists who substitute ideology for history; instead, according to the author they are the victims and the exemplars of the "emptiness of such [free speech] claims within Europe."

Although the online Foreign Policy Journal, gives voice to a broad range of "leftist" values -- emphasizing colonialization, exploitation and other western crimes -- they are not primarily occupied with Jews or the "Jewish Question" (or even with Israel for the most part). Yet this interview, written and conducted by an Iranian journalist, not only provides a platform for the perverted world view of Ernst Zundel, but also gives voice to the author's own prejudice and disdain. At one point he asks Zundel how he reconciles the fact that the Holocaust did not happen with the claims of those who "personally witnessed the heart-rending demise of their parents in concentration camps and bone-crushing machines." Why does the author focus on 'bone-crushing machines'? I have read many about the tortures of the camps, the gas chambers, the cremation process, etc. They are the mainstays of public awareness of the Holocaust. The reference to 'bone-crushing machines' can only be meant satirically per my reading, as if to represent survivor claims as ludicrous. Each one of his questions not only frames the denier's answers as reasonable positions but even leads the answers by suggesting the false claims directly.

The interview is also a great example of the interwoven nature of much denial and anti-Israel sentiment, particularly in the Muslim world. Without any prior mention of Israel, the interviewer asserts that "Many Zionist websites have introduced you as a white supremacist." Even without defining "Zionist" it is clear from his usage that it is a slur. Furthermore, calling Zundel a racist, an antisemite and/or a white supremacist has nothing to do with one's opinion on the state of Israel, but is a straightforward description of his writings and statements.

Finally, I invite you all to take a look at the comments that follow the article. Although comments are often give voice to the most radical views on any given subject, these are not outside the realms suggested by the interview: they are its only logical outcome. Deniers are courageous: the US and Europe are controlled by unseen Jewish hands: the Holocaust could not have happened because "There was no budget. There was no plan. There was no extermination order from Hitler."

Thursday, January 21, 2010

The Limit of Free Speech on College Campuses

Once again the presenters of odious and hate-filled speech on college campuses claim the mantle of freedom fighters implying that the first amendment's guarantee that congress will make no law "abridging the freedom of speech" covers all form of speech in every context (for the last major emergence of this strain of thinking see). This time, controversy has returned to the Pacifica Forum that periodically hosts speakers in the student center on the University of Oregon campus.

Although the Pacifica Forum presents itself as an informational organization that seeks to clarify issues surrounding "war and peace, militarism and pacifism, violence and non-violence," a look at their website and list of past speakers belies this facade. In fact, the Southern Poverty Law Center identifies the forum as a white nationalist hate group.

From the forum's homepage, one finds links such as the article "A Jew Speaks" in which a writer identified only as "Barry" defends the organization's right to host an American National Socialist leader on Oregon's campus to discuss the symbolism of the Swastika. On a previous occasion the same speaker repeatedly gave a Nazi salute and shouted "Seig heil!" at protesters. On this occasion a crowd of 300 protesters entered the hall and disrupted the proceedings with signs and apparently some foot stomping. Discussing this protest "Barry" compares the protesters themselves to Nazis and event to Kristallnacht:
"Free speech was supposed to be on display that night but I felt as if it was 1938 Germany. The students and protesters, when they were in the midst of their foot-stomping, profanity-laced tirade became, for me a precursor to Kristallnacht, that infamous episode where Jewish businesses, and their owners faced the wrath of Nazi prejudice and hatred. This meeting/debate was nothing more than a Nuremburg rally held on UofO campus."
During the previous week's forum titled "“Everything You Wanted to Know About Pacifica Forum But Were Afraid to Ask,” a speaker who described himself as a “white separatist and racialist,” insisted that Andrea Dworkin a feminist "known for her views that pornography can lead to violence against women, was 'too ugly to rape.'"

So, we return to the question at hand: what are the appropriate limits of free speech on college campuses? First, it is important to clarify that colleges and the learning spaces they contain and the newspapers they publish, even if they are "public institutions" are not obliged by any law, including of course the constitution to provide a platform for all speech. Just as college newspapers can and must select what content is appropriate for them to publish, universities can and I argue must select what types of speech they allow within their buildings. Not giving someone a forum is not the same thing as stopping them from speaking.

As one commentator phrased it in a blog comment "People on the left and right have a tendency to think that the free speech is some sort of right to convenience, which it isn’t."

Is it reasonable that the right to spread hate on college campuses should usurp the right of students to feel safe?

** UPDATE: At a meeting last night (Jan. 20th) University of Oregon administrators announced that the "Pacifica Forum is no longer allowed to hold meetings within the EMU for the rest of the year....The new resolution stated that the Pacifica Forum should remove themselves from the UO’s campus."